How your 401(k) grows
Your 401(k) grows from three sources: your own contributions, your employer's matching contributions, and investment returns compounding over time. The earlier you start — and the more you capture of your employer's match — the bigger the difference compounding makes over decades.
Employer match: free money you don't want to leave behind
A typical match is "50% up to 6% of salary." That means if you earn $75,000/year and contribute at least $4,500 (6%), your employer adds $2,250 (50% of your 6%). That's an immediate 50% return on those dollars before any investment growth — the closest thing to free money in personal finance.
The 4% rule for retirement income
The estimated monthly income uses the "4% rule" — a widely cited guideline suggesting you can withdraw 4% of your balance in year one (adjusted for inflation thereafter) with a low risk of running out of money over a 30-year retirement. It's a planning benchmark, not a guarantee.
2026 contribution limits
The IRS 401(k) contribution limit for 2026 is $23,500 ($31,000 if you're 50 or older and eligible for catch-up contributions). This calculator doesn't enforce those limits — enter what you plan to contribute and adjust as needed.